Although in the liposome experiments above, penetration of
MPOCs via endocytic deformation of the membrane was quite
minor comparing to the penetration via transient pores, the
result in the cell culture clearly indicated that the majority of
the PNA
NFκb‑flu
and MPOC
were taken up into the cells via
endocytosis. In the liposome experiment, we observed the
instant binding of the MPOCs to the lipid bilayer membrane,
whereas the penetration usually took at least 15−30 min longer.
Therefore, it was likely that in the cell culture, MPOCs also
quickly bound to the cell membrane, and the binding induced
endocytic uptakes of the PNA
Cou
NFκb‑flu
/MPOC
into the cells
before the pores were formed.