Fig. 1 Blown bubble film (BBF) approach. Nanomaterials (e.g. nanotubes,
nanowires, nanobelts, and nanoparticles) are dispersed in a
polymer solution, a volume of solution is expanded as a bubble using
a die, and then BBFs are transferred to substrates, including crystalline
wafers, plastic sheets, curved surfaces, and open frames. The black
straight lines illustrated in the solution and bubble films represent onedimensional
nanomaterials such as nanowires or nanotubes.