Extrinsic factors that may be responsible for functional bladder neck obstruction are pregnancy and chronic and intermittent constipation. In both conditions the full uterus or rectum displaces the bladder and posterior urethra in the fixed and limited space of the bony pelvis, causing obstruction, incomplete micturition, and urinary stasis. Treating constipation and administering antibiotic therapy for UTI reduces the recurrence of infection; failure to relieve the fecal retention in spite of adequate treatment of the UTI may result in recurrence. .