The fourth major critical factor area is Measurement and Metrics. This area focuses on
deploying knowledge management, needs analysis, and reporting processes to create needed
information for formal communication to stakeholders. CorporateRegister.com, a repository for
corporate and social responsibility reports, of which sustainability is a subset, reported an increase
from 26 reports in 1992 to over 3,000 in 2008. Apotheker (2010) reported that 80% of Fortune 250
companies formally report sustainability performance. Included in the factor are reporting,
knowledge management, and needs analysis competencies. Reporting competence prepares reports
to stakeholder groups that describe organizational efforts in a systematic, databased format
(Institute for Responsible Development, 2010). Knowledge management competence is the ability
to gather and deploy information in meaningful ways to support change efforts (Nahapier
&Ghoshal, 1998). Needs analysis competence is the ability to use appropriate methods to break down processes or work to support design initiatives for sustainability efforts (Jackson & Seo,
2010).