Causes
If causes of both hepatomegaly and splenomegaly happen both to be present, the result can be that both organs are enlarged. However, the most common cause of hepatosplenomegaly is infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono. This disease is commonly diagnosed in teenage patients (especially age 15 to 17), is sometimes known as "kissing disease" because it can be transmitted through exchange of bodily fluids such as saliva, and in addition to hepatosplenomegaly can cause swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and high fever.
Acute viral hepatitis can also cause hepatosplenomegaly. This is primarily a liver disease, an infection of the liver caused by any of the five variants of the hepatitis virus, with type A and B being the most common, but it can also cause swelling of the spleen. In addition to hepatosplenomegaly, other symptoms of acute viral hepatitis are loss of appetite, pain, swelling of the abdomen, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and of the whites of the eyes).
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