Disease Burden
Noncommunicable diseases have been a difficult group to define. Even the term “noncommunicable diseases” is a misnomer, because it includes some diseases — notably, cancers of the liver, stomach, and cervix — that are at least partly caused by infectious organisms, and it usually excludes mental illnesses, despite their large contribution to long-term disability. However, four common behavioral risk factors (tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, and lack of physical activity) are associated with four disease clusters (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic pulmonary diseases, and diabetes) that account for about 80% of deaths from non- communicable diseases.3 According to WHO estimates, noncommunicable diseases contributed to 36 million deaths globally in 2008, accounting for 63% of 57 mil- lion total deaths (Fig. 1).4 The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Fac- tors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) estimated that mortality due to noncommunicable diseases (with the use of a somewhat different definition of noncommunicable dis- eases than that used by the WHO) increased from 57% of total mortality in 1990 to 65% in 2010.3,5 About 80% of deaths related to noncommunicable diseases occur in low- and middle-income countries, which also have a high proportion of deaths in middle age; such countries account for 90% of the 9 million noncommunicable disease–related deaths that occur before 60 years of age (Fig. 2).6 This staggering toll of noncommunicable diseases and premature mortality in low- and middle- income countries sometimes surprises those who suppose that mortality in these countries is still dominated by maternal and child deaths and deaths due to infec- tious diseases.
ภาระโรคNoncommunicable diseases have been a difficult group to define. Even the term “noncommunicable diseases” is a misnomer, because it includes some diseases — notably, cancers of the liver, stomach, and cervix — that are at least partly caused by infectious organisms, and it usually excludes mental illnesses, despite their large contribution to long-term disability. However, four common behavioral risk factors (tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, and lack of physical activity) are associated with four disease clusters (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic pulmonary diseases, and diabetes) that account for about 80% of deaths from non- communicable diseases.3 According to WHO estimates, noncommunicable diseases contributed to 36 million deaths globally in 2008, accounting for 63% of 57 mil- lion total deaths (Fig. 1).4 The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Fac- tors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) estimated that mortality due to noncommunicable diseases (with the use of a somewhat different definition of noncommunicable dis- eases than that used by the WHO) increased from 57% of total mortality in 1990 to 65% in 2010.3,5 About 80% of deaths related to noncommunicable diseases occur in low- and middle-income countries, which also have a high proportion of deaths in middle age; such countries account for 90% of the 9 million noncommunicable disease–related deaths that occur before 60 years of age (Fig. 2).6 This staggering toll of noncommunicable diseases and premature mortality in low- and middle- income countries sometimes surprises those who suppose that mortality in these countries is still dominated by maternal and child deaths and deaths due to infec- tious diseases.
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