This research was supported by Agricultural Research Devel-opment Agency (Public Organization). We would like to thank the upport from Research Funds from the Faculty of Science,Chulalongkorn University. D. formosum capsules were providedby Mr. Sittichai Prikdang, the Head of Nam Tok Ngao National Park,Ranong, Thailand. The authors would like to express ourappreciation to Prof. Dr. Richard A. Criley, Dept. of Tropical Plantand Soil Science, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and twoanonymous referees for their valuable comments, and Dr. RobertButcher for his comments and English language proof reading.Finally, we would like to thank all members of the research teamfor all their contributions to this project