Despite the continuous growth of the
service sectors in the advanced economies,
services have long been perceived as
noninnovative or technologically backward
activities (Gago and Rubalcaba, 2007). The
service innovation laggards have gradually
changed in the 1990s. The earlier changes
were mainly focused on the use of technologies
by services activities, notably ICT in
creative rather than standard ways (OECD
2005). However, service innovations were
implicit in the hardware components and
transferred when implemented by service
industries, that is, service
supplierdominated.