When we consider the researches in Turkey, there are a few studies on the mathematics self-concept levels of the fifth grade student (Arabaci, 2006), seventh grade student (Yildiz & Fer, 2013) and prospective teachers (Isiksal, 2010). Compared to the high number of international studies on the self-concept, which is seen as an important factor in mathematics education, the number of studies on the topic in Turkey is very limited. This fact shows the need to conduct new researches to evaluate self-concept levels of elementary school students. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate the elementary school students’ mathematics self-concept levels regarding their grade level and gender. In parallel with this purpose, the problem statement of this research is “Do mathematics self-concept levels of elementary school fourth, fifth and sixth grade students change based on grade level and gender variables?”.