The first is that a modern economy is simply not compatible with the Leninst requirement of comprehensive party and state control over society. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has faced choice: Maintain control and risk economic stagnation and political disaffection, or let go and eventually losing dominance. The CCP has chosen to pull back in several domains. Most notably, it allows markets to function. It also has accorded certain legal institutions and media outlets a degree of autonomy. The CCP has become Marxist-Leninist in