2. Adaptive Learning Approaches
Adaptive learning is an educational method which uses computer as interactive teaching devices. There are two forms of adaptation [21]:- Adaptive presentation and Adaptive navigation: Adaptive presentation refers the educational material display according to student’s weaknesses, as indicated by their responses to questions which are based on educational material. Adaptive Navigation refers to manipulation of the links through link sorting, link hiding, disabling, removal, annotation, link generation, map adaptation and direct guidance. The various adaptive E-learning systems are: 2.1 Adaptation through intelligent tutoring systems Intelligent tutoring system (ITS) [1] is training software which incorporates expert systems in order to monitor the performance of a learner and to personalize instruction on the basis of adaptation to learner’s learning style, current knowledge level and appropriate teaching strategies in Elearning systems. Adaptive hypermedia. (AH) is another type of system which was also used in computer based instruction. After combining ITS and AH into adaptive intelligent tutoring system, the E-learning system becomes more adaptive. ITS assesses each learner’s action within these interactive environment and develop a model of their knowledge, skills and expertise. ITS system is composed of three type of knowledge, organized into four separate modules for e.g. expert model, learner model, instructional model and interface model as shown in fig.1.