There are two broad categories of ethical theories concerning the source of value: consequentialist and non-consequentialist.
A consequentialist theory of value judges the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences that action has. The most familiar example would be utilitarianism--``that action is best that produces the greatest good for the greatest number'' (Jeremy Bentham).
A non-consequentialist theory of value judges the rightness or wrongness of an action based on properties intrinsic to the action, not on its consequences.
Libertarianism--People should be free to do as they like as long as they respect the freedom of others to do the same.
Contractarianism--No policy that causes uncompensated harm on anyone is permitted (Pareto safety).
Consider these Definitions: