3.2.3. Effect of palm kernel load
In this experiment, the kernel loads (solid to liquid ratio) were
0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g with 10 ml of mixed surfactant solution,
30 min contact time. Fig. 4 shows that the optimum of extraction
efficiency appeared at 1 g oil seeds loading for all three salinities in
both systems. When the palm kernel loaded into the system was increased, the extraction efficiency tended to decrease because
a higher mass of palm kernel load led to less penetration of
surfactant monomers into the kernel and less coalesce between
surfactant monomers and oil.
At this point, from the results on the effects of salinity, grain size,
contact time and loading the optimum condition for oil extraction
for both systems were 10% NaCl, ground seed size 0.212–0.425mm,
contact time of 30min and 1.0 g loading per 10 ml of the surfactant
solution. These conditions will be used to compare the yield and
scale up to produce oil for oil quality analysis to compare with the
oil extracted by hexane using Soxlet method.