The OA cell is comprised of two polished quartz plates of 6 mm in thickness and 25 mm in diameter and a quartz cylinder of 5 mm in thickness and 20 mm in hole diameter in between the quartz plates. The outer diameter of the cylinder was the same with those for the quartz plates. All the surfaces of the cell components were gently polished and made plane parallel with the thickness variation of about 2 μm to avoid any possible distortions of the OA signal profile due to a non-parallelism of OA source and detector surfaces.
During experiments, the OA cell was filled with the test solution. A 5-mm thick deionized-water layer filling another cylinder of the same thickness and diameter was used as an immersion between the cell and a home-made ultra wide-band piezoelectric detector. The design of the cell provides a very easy and rapid procedure of solution filling. This procedure consists of the set up of the whole cell except the cover quartz plate. Next, the volume of the test solution corresponding to the inner volume of the cell cylinder is added, and the upper quartz plate is put to the cylinder edge and is moved by slipping it in the horizontal plane, this tightly covering the cell and removing the excess sample liquid. The process of filling and covering the cell takes about 2 s, which is very suitable not only for batch measurements (building calibration curves of stable solutions), but for monitoring kinetic measurements in this study.
The detector was made on the base of a 28 μm PVDF film (Precision Acoustics, UK) and operated in the open-circuit regime [41]. A typical pressure of the detected OA signals varied in the range of 102–105 Pa. The detector was calibrated in the frequency range of 0.1–50 MHz, had a smooth spectral transfer function in the range of 0.1–40 MHz and the low frequency sensitivity of 4.5 μV/Pa (see Fig. 2b). The detected OA signals were amplified and digitized by a Tektronix TDS 1012 digital oscilloscope (USA; analog frequency, 100 MHz; sampling rate, 1 GHz) and finally transferred to a PC for further signal processing.
It is important that the detector makes it possible to acquire pressure signals with the minimum amplitude of few tens of Pa without any changes of the front of OA signals for all the test solutions. Similar detectors were used also in our previous works [29] and [42] and showed an extremely high efficiency of their application for the wide-band detection.
4. Results
4.1. Detected signals and data processing
Fig. 3a illustrates a typical OA signal detected by the wide-band transducer. It shows that the signal had a quite predictable temporal profile and a very good SNR (∼40 dB) providing precise extraction of the information on the light absorption during chemical reactions occurring in the OA cell. Fig. 3b shows, in the logarithmic scale, the leading edge of the detected signal (points) and its fitting with a linear function (solid line):
The OA cell is comprised of two polished quartz plates of 6 mm in thickness and 25 mm in diameter and a quartz cylinder of 5 mm in thickness and 20 mm in hole diameter in between the quartz plates. The outer diameter of the cylinder was the same with those for the quartz plates. All the surfaces of the cell components were gently polished and made plane parallel with the thickness variation of about 2 μm to avoid any possible distortions of the OA signal profile due to a non-parallelism of OA source and detector surfaces.
During experiments, the OA cell was filled with the test solution. A 5-mm thick deionized-water layer filling another cylinder of the same thickness and diameter was used as an immersion between the cell and a home-made ultra wide-band piezoelectric detector. The design of the cell provides a very easy and rapid procedure of solution filling. This procedure consists of the set up of the whole cell except the cover quartz plate. Next, the volume of the test solution corresponding to the inner volume of the cell cylinder is added, and the upper quartz plate is put to the cylinder edge and is moved by slipping it in the horizontal plane, this tightly covering the cell and removing the excess sample liquid. The process of filling and covering the cell takes about 2 s, which is very suitable not only for batch measurements (building calibration curves of stable solutions), but for monitoring kinetic measurements in this study.
The detector was made on the base of a 28 μm PVDF film (Precision Acoustics, UK) and operated in the open-circuit regime [41]. A typical pressure of the detected OA signals varied in the range of 102–105 Pa. The detector was calibrated in the frequency range of 0.1–50 MHz, had a smooth spectral transfer function in the range of 0.1–40 MHz and the low frequency sensitivity of 4.5 μV/Pa (see Fig. 2b). The detected OA signals were amplified and digitized by a Tektronix TDS 1012 digital oscilloscope (USA; analog frequency, 100 MHz; sampling rate, 1 GHz) and finally transferred to a PC for further signal processing.
It is important that the detector makes it possible to acquire pressure signals with the minimum amplitude of few tens of Pa without any changes of the front of OA signals for all the test solutions. Similar detectors were used also in our previous works [29] and [42] and showed an extremely high efficiency of their application for the wide-band detection.
4. Results
4.1. Detected signals and data processing
Fig. 3a illustrates a typical OA signal detected by the wide-band transducer. It shows that the signal had a quite predictable temporal profile and a very good SNR (∼40 dB) providing precise extraction of the information on the light absorption during chemical reactions occurring in the OA cell. Fig. 3b shows, in the logarithmic scale, the leading edge of the detected signal (points) and its fitting with a linear function (solid line):
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