The presence of TG results in the formation of a more cohesive protein network through the milk protein polymerization, and this probably leads to a decrease in ice crystallization, reducing the hardness of the ice cream.
These results are consistent with those observed by Alamprese et al. (2002) and El-Nagar al. et (2002), who demonstrated that the hardness was inversely proportional to the fat content. According to Guinard et al. (1997), an increase in the fat content leads to a decrease in the formation of ice crystals, and subsequently a product of less hardness.