Factors that affect Thais’ oral communication
According to Richard and Renandya (2002: 201-225), there are some aspects which affect Thais’ English language skills: age or maturational constrain, aural medium, socio cultural factor, and affective factor. When those factors are linked to the situation and condition in Thailand, it would be some crucial factors which affect Thais’ oral communication. In the first, age or maturational constrain is the base aspect for Thais in learning language. As I stated above that historically, Thailand had never been colonized for ages. So, that’s why most of Thais are rarely faced to involve in other language, especially in English which becomes the strange and difficult language to learn because they need to over train in order to get fluency in speaking. The aging process shows that it influences Thais’ pronunciation in oral communication and how far they could utter the target language as native. Secondly, the aural medium which relate to the other skill is that listening. In oral communication, between two or more communicants are also supported by listening comprehension because it impresses to the success of communication. Therefore, native teachers easily find in Thailand because Thais are lack of English proficiency. Next, socio cultural factor could be investigated through how Thais learning English in the on-going classroom. They prefer to listen on the teachers’ lecturing and take a note rather than practicing the language. Besides that, teachers local do the same things. They require their students to memorize and memorize. As the consequences, students are afraid to ask question, or even performing English to communicate (Nguyen, n.d). Afterward, the affective aspects of emotions, self-esteem, empathy, attitude, and motivation have correlation with Thai students’ affective sides such as, anxiety, feeling of uneasiness, frustration, self-doubt, and apprehension. All of them are explained more in the following discussion based on their psychological factor of individual.
Psychological factor that hinder students from speaking
In other references, Juhana (2012) explained that fear of mistakes, anxious, shyness, lack of confidence, and lack of motivation are included into psychological factors. Those become the main factor which affect the students’ condition because it comes from the individual. Each of them is explained below:
1. Fear of mistakes
Culturally, it is easy for Thai students become afraid of making mistakes during the teaching and learning process. Different from the culture in other countries which the students are confident enough in asking question, giving opinion/suggestion or even refuting in classroom teaching. This human weakness of making mistakes has result in failure for Thais in speaking English. Leaning language means learning how to communicate through oral not only from text and translate into target language. Most of students are afraid to be laughed and do not want to be criticized or even look silly in front of their peers. They keep silence and listen rather than expressing what in their mind is.
2. Shyness
The students are afraid to speak due to the feeling of incapable in English. They are unwilling to intimidate by their friends of the teacher. It creates the sentiment of shyness. Students think a lot when they are faced to explore their ideas in speaking performance. The feeling of worst, incompetent, and less-skilled, that all have been built if students could not uncover their shyness by confidence. Those could block the process of students’ ability in oral communication.
3. Anxiety
Anxiety is the feeling of nervousness correlated to the specific situation. When the students are dominated by this tension during practicing English, it must obstruct students from speaking fluently. Thai students feel uncomfortable or even being confused and panicky every so often when they are faced in training oral language production. As the consequence, they get difficulty to catch the smoothness in speaking.
4. Lack of confidence
There are many reasons that lead the students lacking of confidence. It can be caused by insufficient encouragement by the teacher. Teachers might be seemed as giving support to their students but they do that way based on the teachers’ perception only. Most the teachers in Thailand is still applying their teaching with physical reward. Moreover, before starting the lesson teachers usually rely on the rattan to force the students include in the classroom. It could be an image of how Thai students learn. Unconsciously, its habit increases the fear of trying new things for students. For that reason, Thais are often not confident to try to speak English.
5. Lack of motivation
Motivation can derive from both the students and the teacher. In English language classroom, teachers mainly handle the success of communication apprehension. The method and strategy play the important roles on how extent the students exploring and applying the target language as well. As we know that native have more places in oral communication teaching in Thailand because the local English teachers have inadequately creativity to make a deal with.
ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการสื่อสารช่องปากของคนไทยตาม Renandya และริชาร์ด (2002:201-225), มีบางส่วนซึ่งส่งผลต่อทักษะทางภาษาอังกฤษของคนไทย: อายุ หรือ maturational จำกัด กลางฟัง ปัจจัยทางวัฒนธรรมสังคม และปัจจัยผล เมื่อปัจจัยที่เชื่อมโยงกับสถานการณ์และสภาพในประเทศไทย มันจะบางปัจจัยสำคัญที่มีผลต่อการสื่อสารช่องปากของคนไทย จำกัด ในยุคแรก หรือ maturational เป็นมุมมองพื้นฐานสำหรับคนไทยในการเรียนภาษา ตามที่ผมระบุไว้ข้างต้นที่ประวัติ ไทยมีไม่ถูกยึดครองในวัย ดังนั้น ที่มีสาเหตุส่วนใหญ่ของคนไทยต้องเผชิญกับไม่ค่อยจะเกี่ยวข้องกับภาษาไทย โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในอังกฤษซึ่งเป็นภาษาแปลก และยากที่จะเรียนรู้เนื่องจากพวกเขาต้องผ่านรถไฟใน สั่งจะได้รับความคล่องแคล่วในการพูด การริ้วรอยแสดงว่า มีผลต่อชาวไทยการออกเสียงในการสื่อสารปากและเท่าใดพวกเขาสามารถส่งภาษาเป้าหมายเป็นเจ้า ประการที่สอง สื่อฟังซึ่งเกี่ยวข้องกับทักษะอื่น ๆ คือ การฟัง ในการสื่อสารปาก ระหว่างสอง หรือมากกว่าสอง communicants ยังรับการสนับสนุน โดยการฟังทำความเข้าใจ เพราะมันบ่งบอกถึงความสำเร็จของการสื่อสาร ดังนั้น ครูดั้งเดิมพบในประเทศไทยเพราะคนไทย ขาดภาษาอังกฤษ ถัดไป ปัจจัยทางวัฒนธรรมสังคมสามารถถูกตรวจสอบถึงวิธีที่คนไทยเรียนรู้ภาษาอังกฤษในห้องเรียนการ พวกเขาต้องการฟังในการปาฐกถาของครู และใช้บันทึกแทนที่ฝึกภาษา นอกจากนั้น ครูท้องถิ่นทำในสิ่งเดียวกัน พวกเขาต้องการนักศึกษาท่องจำ และจดจำ เป็นผล นักเรียนจะกลัวที่จะถามคำถาม หรือแม้กระทั่งดำเนินการภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อการสื่อสาร (เหงียน n.d) หลังจากนั้น ลักษณะผลของอารมณ์ นับถือตนเอง เอาใจใส่ ทัศนคติ และแรงจูงใจมีความสัมพันธ์กับด้านผลของนักเรียนไทยเช่น วิตกกังวล ความรู้สึกของ uneasiness แห้ว สงสัยในตนเอง และมีความเข้าใจ ทั้งหมดจะอธิบายเพิ่มเติมในการสนทนาต่อไปนี้ขึ้นอยู่กับปัจจัยของจิตใจของแต่ละบุคคลPsychological factor that hinder students from speaking In other references, Juhana (2012) explained that fear of mistakes, anxious, shyness, lack of confidence, and lack of motivation are included into psychological factors. Those become the main factor which affect the students’ condition because it comes from the individual. Each of them is explained below:1. Fear of mistakesCulturally, it is easy for Thai students become afraid of making mistakes during the teaching and learning process. Different from the culture in other countries which the students are confident enough in asking question, giving opinion/suggestion or even refuting in classroom teaching. This human weakness of making mistakes has result in failure for Thais in speaking English. Leaning language means learning how to communicate through oral not only from text and translate into target language. Most of students are afraid to be laughed and do not want to be criticized or even look silly in front of their peers. They keep silence and listen rather than expressing what in their mind is.2. ShynessThe students are afraid to speak due to the feeling of incapable in English. They are unwilling to intimidate by their friends of the teacher. It creates the sentiment of shyness. Students think a lot when they are faced to explore their ideas in speaking performance. The feeling of worst, incompetent, and less-skilled, that all have been built if students could not uncover their shyness by confidence. Those could block the process of students’ ability in oral communication.3. AnxietyAnxiety is the feeling of nervousness correlated to the specific situation. When the students are dominated by this tension during practicing English, it must obstruct students from speaking fluently. Thai students feel uncomfortable or even being confused and panicky every so often when they are faced in training oral language production. As the consequence, they get difficulty to catch the smoothness in speaking.4. Lack of confidenceThere are many reasons that lead the students lacking of confidence. It can be caused by insufficient encouragement by the teacher. Teachers might be seemed as giving support to their students but they do that way based on the teachers’ perception only. Most the teachers in Thailand is still applying their teaching with physical reward. Moreover, before starting the lesson teachers usually rely on the rattan to force the students include in the classroom. It could be an image of how Thai students learn. Unconsciously, its habit increases the fear of trying new things for students. For that reason, Thais are often not confident to try to speak English. 5. Lack of motivationMotivation can derive from both the students and the teacher. In English language classroom, teachers mainly handle the success of communication apprehension. The method and strategy play the important roles on how extent the students exploring and applying the target language as well. As we know that native have more places in oral communication teaching in Thailand because the local English teachers have inadequately creativity to make a deal with.
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