In Egypt, there was a study conducted in the cardiothoracic department with collaboration of chest department in Tanta University hospitals through a period of 14 months duration; the results revealed that, pulmonary complications more common after cardiothorathic surgery and incidence of it was as the following; Atelectasis (70.51%), pleural effusion (47.44%), pneumonia (34.62%), and sternal wound infection (12.82%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (2.56%), pneumothorax (1.28%)