The application of the model to Europe has illustrated the application of the model in the
context of declining agricultural area and regeneration of natural vegetation. The
combination of top-down and bottom-up processes in a consistent modeling framework
may also be relevant in other areas and for other processes. Examples of possible
applications include the dynamics of tropical forest landscapes, where large scale
logging as result of global demand for timber and agricultural commodities, interacts with
local processes of soil degradation and regeneration of secondary vegetation. Local
processes causing soil degradation may prevent future use of these soils and therefore
need to be taken into account. In addition, the simulation of low-input agricultural
systems with fallow periods as part of the crop rotation may be captured by combining
an assessment of the overall demand for agricultural production with local processes of
soil fertility dynamics.