3.1.2. Economics
The capital costs for all 20 cases are shown in Fig. 3with corresponding
data listed in Appendix F of the SI. The largest contributions to the
capital costs are the pond construction (specifically the Hypalon liner
($30/m2) in Case 1, RPP liner ($13/m2) in Cases 2–8, and an unspecified
advanced material ($3/m2, equivalent to clay ponds in [28]) in target
Cases 9 and 10, pipes (included in the Mechanical category), and processing
equipment. Pipe costs are greater in Texas due to thewater supply
pipeline. By contrast, all other capital costs are greater in Hawaii
than Texas after scaling by the geographic cost modifier in Texas
(0.88) and Hawaii (1.37) [46]. The total capital costs in Texas range
from $70 M (Case 1) to $46 M (Case 10), while those in Hawaii range
from $95 M (Case 1) to $46 M (Case 10). The initial debt is 60% of the
total capital cost.