These are points
to return to in the next section. As for the
claim that there are no instruments for
punishing violations of human rights, the
emerging international criminal court, and the
recent challenge to the principle of sovereign
immunity where heads of states are deemed
guilty of human rights violations, suggest to
some that the modern world may be on the
threshold of a new era of ‘cosmopolitan law
enforcement’ (Kaldor, 1999: 10–11).