The rate of cesarean section, a major surgery in the
field of obstetrics, has been increasing [5,6]. Cesarean
section is well known to be associated with a significant
short-term risk of specific severe postpartum complica-
tions (eg, hemorrhage requiring hysterectomy, venous
thromboembolism, and major infection) and these
complication-associated re-hospitalization compared with
vaginal deliveries [7,8]. Moreover, it has long-term adverse