Fermentation was carried out in a 6 L (working volume of 4 L)
batch bioreactor (Bioflo III from New Brunswick Scientific Co., New
Jersey, USA) for 96 h (Vendruscolo et al., 2010). The bioreactor has
a vessel with an internal diameter of 0.170 m, a rounded bottom
and a height/diameter ratio of 1.4. Agitation was provided by two
six-blade Rushton turbines with a d/t ratio of 0.38 and a w/d ratio
of 0.18. The culture medium (3.6 L) was inoculated with 0.4 L of
the inoculum culture (10% v/v;≈0.5 g L−1 dry equivalent of cells),