The metropolis has been scorched by the dragon’s fiery breath.
When her house was invaded, Penelope had to think of ways to delay her remarriage.
Not every sentence that contains a form of “have” or “be” is passive! Forms of the word “have” can do several different things in English. For example, in the sentence “John has to study all afternoon,” “has” is not part of a past-tense verb. It’s a modal verb, like “must,” “can,” or “may”—these verbs tell how necessary it is to do something (compare “I have to study” versus “I may study”). And forms of “be” are not always passive, either—”be” can be the main verb of a sentence that describes a state of being, rather than an action. For example, the sentence “John is a good student” is not passive; “is” is simply describing John’s state of being. The moral of the story: don’t assume that any time you see a form of “have” and a form of “to be” together, you are looking at a passive sentence.
Need more help deciding whether a sentence is passive? Ask yourself whether there is an action going on in the sentence. If so, what is at the front of the sentence? Is it the person or thing that does the action? Or is it the person or thing that has the action done to it? In a passive sentence, the object of the action will be in the subject position at the front of the sentence. As discussed above, the sentence will also contain a form of be and a past participle. If the subject appears at all, it will usually be at the end of the sentence, often in a phrase that starts with “by.” Take a look at this example:
The fish was caught by the seagull.
If we ask ourselves whether there’s an action, the answer is yes: a fish is being caught. If we ask what’s at the front of the sentece, the actor or the object of the action, it’s the object: the fish, unfortunately for it, got caught, and there it is at the front of the sentence. The thing that did the catching—the seagull—is at the end, after “by.” There’s a form of be (was) and a past participle (caught). This sentence is passive.
Let’s briefly look at how to change passive constructions into active ones. You can usually just switch the word order, making the actor and subject one by putting the actor up front:
The metropolis has been scorched by the dragon’s fiery breath.
becomes
The dragon scorched the metropolis with his fiery breath.
When her house was invaded, Penelope had to think of ways to delay her remarriage.
becomes
After suitors invaded her house, Penelope had to think of ways to delay her remarriage.
To repeat, the key to identifying the passive voice is to look for both a form of “to be” and a past participle, which usually, but not always, ends in “-ed.”
นครมีการเกรียม โดยมังกรคะนองลมหายใจเมื่อบ้านถูกบุก Penelope ได้คิดวิธีการล่าช้าของเธอแต่งงานใหม่ไม่ทุกประโยคที่ประกอบด้วยรูปแบบของการ "มี" หรือ "เป็น" เป็นพาสซีฟ รูปแบบของคำว่า "มี" สามารถทำหลายสิ่งที่แตกต่างกันในภาษาอังกฤษ ตัวอย่าง ในประโยค "จอห์นมีเรียนช่วงบ่ายทั้งหมด "มี"ไม่ได้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของกริยาอดีตกาล- มันเป็นกริยาแบบ เช่น "ต้อง "สามารถ" หรือ"อาจ"ซึ่งกริยาเหล่านี้บอกว่า จำเป็นจะทำอะไร (เปรียบเทียบ"ต้องเรียน"กับ"อาจเรียน") และรูปแบบของ "สามารถ" มักจะไม่แฝง อย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งเช่น "" สามารถเป็นกริยาหลักของประโยคที่อธิบายสิ่งของ แทนการดำเนินการ ได้ ตัวอย่าง ประโยค "จอห์นเป็นนักเรียนดี" ไม่แฝง "เป็น" เป็นเพียงการอธิบายจอห์นรัฐการ นิทานเรื่อง: อย่าคิดว่า ตลอดเวลาที่คุณดูฟอร์มของ "มี" และรูปแบบของ "จะ" กัน คุณกำลังมองหาที่ประโยค passiveNeed more help deciding whether a sentence is passive? Ask yourself whether there is an action going on in the sentence. If so, what is at the front of the sentence? Is it the person or thing that does the action? Or is it the person or thing that has the action done to it? In a passive sentence, the object of the action will be in the subject position at the front of the sentence. As discussed above, the sentence will also contain a form of be and a past participle. If the subject appears at all, it will usually be at the end of the sentence, often in a phrase that starts with “by.” Take a look at this example:The fish was caught by the seagull.If we ask ourselves whether there’s an action, the answer is yes: a fish is being caught. If we ask what’s at the front of the sentece, the actor or the object of the action, it’s the object: the fish, unfortunately for it, got caught, and there it is at the front of the sentence. The thing that did the catching—the seagull—is at the end, after “by.” There’s a form of be (was) and a past participle (caught). This sentence is passive.Let’s briefly look at how to change passive constructions into active ones. You can usually just switch the word order, making the actor and subject one by putting the actor up front:The metropolis has been scorched by the dragon’s fiery breath.becomesThe dragon scorched the metropolis with his fiery breath.When her house was invaded, Penelope had to think of ways to delay her remarriage.becomesAfter suitors invaded her house, Penelope had to think of ways to delay her remarriage.To repeat, the key to identifying the passive voice is to look for both a form of “to be” and a past participle, which usually, but not always, ends in “-ed.”
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