- oxygen scavengers
- can remove oxygen in a closed system.
- most widely used compounds are vit C, and related substances, ascorbyl palmitate, and erythorbic acid (the D-isomer of ascorbic acid)
- chelating agents or sequestrants
- they remove metallic ions, especially copper and iron, that are powerfull pro-oxidants
- citric acid is widely used for this purpose
- amino acids and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid are examples of chelating agents
- enzymatic antioxidants
- can remove dissolved head space oxygen, such as glucose oxidase
- superoxide dismutase can be used to remove highly oxidative compounds from food systems
- natural antioxidants
- present in many spices and herbs.
- rosemary and sage are the most potent antioxidant spices.