When ROS levels rise in response
to cell stress, the Keap1 is oxidized and is no longer capable of binding
Nrf2, which allows the free Nrf2 to enter the nucleus to increase the
expression of many different genes. The release of Nrf2 from Keap-1
can also be induced by a number of agents such as carnosic acid (CA)
(derived from the herb rosemary), curcumin (derived from turmeric),
dimethyl fumarate (DMF), quercetin (fruits and vegetables), resveratrol (red grapes) and sulforaphane (contained in broccoli, Brussel
sprouts and cabbage) [36e38]. This nuclear entry of Nrf2 can also be
enhanced following its phosphorylation by a number of protein kinases such as casein kinase II, the MAP kinases (ERK1/2, JNK and p38)
and protein kinase C (PKC).
When ROS levels rise in responseto cell stress, the Keap1 is oxidized and is no longer capable of bindingNrf2, which allows the free Nrf2 to enter the nucleus to increase theexpression of many different genes. The release of Nrf2 from Keap-1can also be induced by a number of agents such as carnosic acid (CA)(derived from the herb rosemary), curcumin (derived from turmeric),dimethyl fumarate (DMF), quercetin (fruits and vegetables), resveratrol (red grapes) and sulforaphane (contained in broccoli, Brusselsprouts and cabbage) [36e38]. This nuclear entry of Nrf2 can also beenhanced following its phosphorylation by a number of protein kinases such as casein kinase II, the MAP kinases (ERK1/2, JNK and p38)and protein kinase C (PKC).
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