In addition to frequency issues, the sudden active power absorption caused by EVCSs and the unmanaged power
produced by FCs can interrupt the active and reactive power equilibrium of the system. Such absorption also causes
a voltage drop, as shown in Fig. 4 for buses 6 and 8. The figure indicates that bus 8 experiences a deeper voltage
drop because of its proximity to EVCS compared to bus 6. Voltage fluctuations caused by different weather
conditions are observed on both buses.
Power exchanges between REGs and EVCSs with the utility system influence the amount of utility-injected
active and reactive powers. These power exchanges can negatively influence the pre-designed power factor of the
system, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The figures indicate that variations in WT power generation and EVCS power
consumption cause power factor variations on buses 5 and 6 and that the installed capacitor banks on these buses
cannot maintain the power factor at the desired level.