How E-HR Optimizes the Human Resource Management Process
Hong Kesen
Economics and Management School, Wuhan University
WHU
Wuhan, China
Kesenh@163.com
Abstract: Electronic human resource management (e-HR)
has been a key point of the enterprise management and
competition, so the electronic human resource management
system has attracted a number of attentions, this paper argues
the characters of traditional human resource management and
e-HR, and compares the two types of human resource
management from five aspects: quality, speed, dependability,
flexibility, and cost. I conclude that e-HR can promote the
quality, speed, dependablity and flexibility of human resource
management, moreover, it can decrease the cost of human
resource management. In the practices, e-HR is the
reconstruction of process of the human resource management,
it can save the cost for organization and increase the
effectiveness.
Key word: human resource management; electronic human
resource management; process optimization
I. INTRODUCTION
In 21st century, human being are accelerating the speed
to the information society, taking advantage of the computer
science is a long trend of the enterprise management in the
future.
Considering the development of technology and the
importance of the human resource, managers realize that
human resource is valuable, rare, inimitable and
non-substitutable, electronic human resource management
(e-HR) has been a key point of the enterprise management
and competition, so the electronic human resource
management system has attracted a number of attentions.
Even though the e-HR is a large investment for organization
(Lego. 2001), it can save the cost for organization and
increase the effectiveness.
What’s e-HR? it is a system to create a real-time,
information-based, self-service, interactive work
environment (Lengnick-Hall, Moritz, 2003), and it refers to
complete the human resource management practice with the
advantage of computer-based technologies (Gainey, Klaas,
2003).
Little attention was paid to exploring the differences
between traditional human resource management and e-HR,
and there was little literature showed how e-HR optimizes
the human resource management process.
E-HR is the reconstruction of process of the human
resource management, before adopting the e-HR, managers
should evaluate HR processes reengineering, this paper
discusses the HR processes reengineering from the operation
management perspective. This paper follows Slack,
Chambers, Johnston(2007)’s analysis framework of good
process design and argue the e-HR advances the HRM in
several aspects such as: quality, speed, dependability,
flexibility, cost.
In sum, this paper argues the characters of traditional
HRM and e-HR, and concludes how E-HR optimizes the
human resource management process.
II. THE CHARACTERS OF TRADITIONAL HRM
Figure 1 is the model of the traditional human resource
management in organization A, the characters of traditional
human resource management have four aspects as follows:
The functions of HRM are separated and high dependent,
one’s work report and result will submit to HR manager and
the specialist in next process. For example, specialist D who
is in charge of compensation management is high dependent
for the work of the specialist C who is responsible for the
performance appraisal. When the specialist C completes his
work, his work report and data will submit to two people: his
supervisor (HR manager) and his coworker (Specialist D).
The feedback of human resource management is
unidirectional. The information flow is from specialist of
human resource management to the employees and their
supervisors. For example, the specialist B gives his
information to the supervisor and employees, however, the
information of supervisor and employees are hard to submit
to specialists of HRM.
The vertical structure of HRM includes three levels: HR
manager, HR specialist, employees or their first-line
supervisor. HR manager is in charge of all the work of HRM,
the specialist is responsible for the work of specific activity,
the employees are the third level.
The HR managers, HR specialist and first-line supervisor
represent organization to manage employees, the employees
lack of self-management.
III. THE CHARACTERS OF E-HR
Figure 2 is the model of e-HR management system,
comparing with the traditional human resource management;
it has several domains in this system:
978-1-4673-0915-8/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE
2012 3rd International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization
369
In the traditional human resource management, the
specialists are responsible for the different activities of HRM
(e.g. Recruitment &Employment; Training& Development,
Career Planning, Performance Appraisal, Compensation
Management, Employment Relationship), that means, the
information of traditional human resource management
system is separated in different units, the specialist may give
feedback to employees about their information, the
information flow is sent from specialists to employees or
their leaders. But in the e-HR system, all information is
collected in the database; employees can get their own detail
information through their personal account in the system.
For the specialists, they can acquire information from the
database, and their information will be sent to database, the
data of the HRM is two-way flow (from specialist to
database and from database to specialist).
In the traditional HRM, the process of HRM is following
those steps: (a) recruitment &employment; (b) new
employee training, (c) performance appraisal, (d)
compensation management, (f) employee relationship.
Organization Boundary
Access 3:
HR Managers
e-HR system (database)
Access 2:
Supervisors
Access1
Employees
Potential
employees
Specialist E:
Employment
Relationship
Specialist B:
Training&
Development
Specialist D:
Compensation
Management
Specialist B:
New employee
Training
Specialist A:
Recruitment
&Employment
Specialist C:
Performance
Appraisal
Turnover
Fig 2 E-HR Management model
Specialist A:
Recruitment
&Employment
Supervisors
Employees
Potential
employees
Specialist B:
New employee
Training
Specialist D:
Compensation
Management
Specialist C:
Performance
Appraisal
Specialist B:
Training&
Development
Specialist E:
Employment
Relationship
Managers:
Directing all the
work of HRM
Turnover
Fig 1. Traditional Human resource management model
370
However, in the e-HR, all these processes can be embedded
in the e-HR system and can work at the same time.
In the traditional HRM, the feedback of information is
from the HR specialist to the employees or their leaders, the
employees accept their information negatively, but the e-HR
system makes the employees seek feedback positively, they
can get the information from the employee access, that
means they can do self-management through the e-HR
system. For supervisors, they collect information of their
subordinates from HR specialists at the early time, but at the
age of e-HR, supervisors can deal with the works online. For
example, if a subordinate wants to change his work schedule,
he first enters his employee account, then he submits his
request, this request will be sent to his immediate supervisor
automatically, the supervisor will audit the request and
decide whether he accept the request, and his decision will
be sent to a high-level supervisor. For human resource
managers, they can get the employee’s information from
their personal profile, it will be helpful for them to find who
is the excellent employee and who should be rewarded. For
example, when the managers need to decide who should be
selected to a new job, they can compare their performance
and decide who should be promoted.
All the data in traditional HRM is recorded by written
materials, but the data in e-HR system is recorded by
electronic disk. It is more convenient for managers and
employees to save, inquire and data mining.
IV. HOW E-HR OPTIMIZES THE HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
A. Analysis framework
Following Slack, Chambers, Johnston (2007)’s analysis
framework, e-HR optimizes traditional human resource
management from several aspects:
Quality: good process design always makes products and
service produced ‘on-specification’ and less recycling and
wasted effort.
Speed: good process usually shorts customer waiting
time, low in-process inventory and increase the response
time.
Dependability: good process design makes on-time
deliveries of products and services; it also has less disruption,
confusion and rescheduling within the process.
Flexibility: good process design promotes ability to
process a wide range of products and services, has low
cost/fast product and service change, also, it can increase
ability to cope with unexpected events (e.g. supply or a
processing failure).
Cost: good process usually has low processing costs, low
resource costs (capital costs), and low delay/inventory costs
(working capital costs).
B. How e-HR Optimizes Human Resource Management
E-HR optimizes traditional human resource management
from several aspects, this paper follows the framework (see
table 1) of the Slack, Chambers, Johnston (2007), and
discusses how e-HR improves the traditional human
resource management.
E-HR improves the quality of human resource
management. E-HR takes the human resource management
activities in specific standard. For example, with the e-HR
system, any specialist (A, B or C) will do the specific work
with the same standard, it helps them to decrease the
subjective bias, so the specialists can do the high-quality
work.
E-HR accelerates the work speed of the human resource
management. With the computer and internet, e-HR helps
specialists accelerate their work and decrease the waiting
time, for example, when specialist D calculates their
compensation, the e-HR can generate their salary
automatically. When specialist C complete his work, the
e-HR can select employees who have low-level performance
and send them to s
วิธี E-HR เพิ่มประสิทธิภาพกระบวนการบริหารทรัพยากรมนุษย์Hong Kesenเศรษฐศาสตร์และการจัดการโรงเรียน มหาวิทยาลัยอู่ฮั่นWHUหวู่ฮั่น จีนKesenh@163.comบทคัดย่อ: การจัดการทรัพยากรมนุษย์อิเล็กทรอนิกส์ (e-HR)มีจุดสำคัญของการบริหารองค์กร และการแข่งขัน เพื่อการจัดการทรัพยากรมนุษย์อิเล็กทรอนิกส์ระบบได้ดึงดูดจำนวน attentions กระดาษนี้จนตัวจัดการทรัพยากรมนุษย์แบบดั้งเดิม และe-HR และเปรียบเทียบสองชนิดของทรัพยากรมนุษย์จัดการจากด้านที่ 5: คุณภาพ ความเร็ว dependabilityความยืดหยุ่น และต้นทุน ผมสรุป e-HR ที่สามารถส่งเสริมการคุณภาพ ความเร็ว dependablity และความยืดหยุ่นของทรัพยากรมนุษย์จัดการ นอก มันสามารถลดต้นทุนของบุคคลการจัดการทรัพยากร ในทางปฏิบัติ อี HR เป็นการฟื้นฟูการจัดการทรัพยากรมนุษย์สามารถประหยัดต้นทุนและเพิ่มการประสิทธิผลคำหลัก: การจัดการทรัพยากรมนุษย์ บุคคลทางอิเล็กทรอนิกส์การจัดการทรัพยากร การปรับปรุงกระบวนการI. บทนำในศตวรรษที่ 21 มนุษย์จะเร่งความเร็วสังคมข้อมูล ประโยชน์ของคอมพิวเตอร์แนวโน้มระยะยาวของการบริหารจัดการองค์กรในทางวิทยาศาสตร์ในอนาคตพิจารณาการพัฒนาของเทคโนโลยีและความสำคัญของทรัพยากรบุคคล ผู้จัดการตระหนักดีว่าทรัพยากรมนุษย์เป็นสำคัญ หายาก inimitable และการจัดการทรัพยากรมนุษย์ไม่ใช่ substitutable อิเล็กทรอนิกส์มีจุดสำคัญของการบริหารองค์กร (e-HR)and competition, so the electronic human resourcemanagement system has attracted a number of attentions.Even though the e-HR is a large investment for organization(Lego. 2001), it can save the cost for organization andincrease the effectiveness.What’s e-HR? it is a system to create a real-time,information-based, self-service, interactive workenvironment (Lengnick-Hall, Moritz, 2003), and it refers tocomplete the human resource management practice with theadvantage of computer-based technologies (Gainey, Klaas,2003).Little attention was paid to exploring the differencesbetween traditional human resource management and e-HR,and there was little literature showed how e-HR optimizesthe human resource management process.E-HR is the reconstruction of process of the humanresource management, before adopting the e-HR, managersshould evaluate HR processes reengineering, this paperdiscusses the HR processes reengineering from the operationmanagement perspective. This paper follows Slack,Chambers, Johnston(2007)’s analysis framework of goodprocess design and argue the e-HR advances the HRM inseveral aspects such as: quality, speed, dependability,flexibility, cost.In sum, this paper argues the characters of traditionalHRM and e-HR, and concludes how E-HR optimizes thehuman resource management process.II. THE CHARACTERS OF TRADITIONAL HRMFigure 1 is the model of the traditional human resourceการจัดการในองค์กร A ตัวอักษรดั้งเดิมการจัดการทรัพยากรมนุษย์มี 4 ด้านดังนี้:หน้าที่ของ HRM จะแยก และสูงขึ้นอยู่กับรายงานงานและผลลัพธ์ของจะส่งไปที่ฝ่ายทรัพยากรบุคคล และผู้เชี่ยวชาญในกระบวนการถัดไป ตัวอย่าง ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้าน D ที่เป็นค่าใช้จ่ายค่าตอบแทน การจัดการจะสูงขึ้นอยู่กับสำหรับการทำงานของผู้เชี่ยวชาญ C ที่รับผิดชอบการการประเมินประสิทธิภาพการ เมื่อผู้เชี่ยวชาญ C เสร็จสิ้นของเขางาน ทำรายงาน และข้อมูลของเขาจะส่งคนที่สอง: ของเขาผู้ควบคุมงาน (ฝ่ายทรัพยากรบุคคล) และเพื่อนร่วมงานของเขา (ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้าน D)ผลป้อนกลับของการจัดการทรัพยากรมนุษย์เป็นทิศทางเดียวกัน สารสนเทศได้จากผู้เชี่ยวชาญของบริหารทรัพยากรบุคคลให้กับพนักงาน และการผู้บังคับบัญชา ตัวอย่าง ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้าน B ให้เขาข้อมูลหัวหน้างานและพนักงาน อย่างไรก็ตาม การข้อมูลของหัวหน้างานและพนักงานจะไปส่งให้ผู้เชี่ยวชาญของ HRMโครงสร้างแนวตั้งของ HRM ประกอบด้วยสามระดับ: HRผู้จัดการ ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้าน HR พนักงาน หรือ บรรทัดแรกของพวกเขาผู้ควบคุมงาน ฝ่ายทรัพยากรบุคคลรับผิดชอบงานทั้งหมดของ HRMผู้เชี่ยวชาญที่รับผิดชอบการทำงานของกิจกรรมพนักงานระดับสามได้ผู้จัดการ HR ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้าน HR และผู้ควบคุมบรรทัดแรกเป็นตัวแทนขององค์กรในการจัดการพนักงาน พนักงานขาดการจัดการด้วยตนเองIII. ตัวของ E-HRรูปที่ 2 เป็นแบบจำลองของระบบการจัดการอี-HRcomparing with the traditional human resource management;it has several domains in this system:978-1-4673-0915-8/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE2012 3rd International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization369In the traditional human resource management, thespecialists are responsible for the different activities of HRM(e.g. Recruitment &Employment; Training& Development,Career Planning, Performance Appraisal, CompensationManagement, Employment Relationship), that means, theinformation of traditional human resource managementsystem is separated in different units, the specialist may givefeedback to employees about their information, theinformation flow is sent from specialists to employees ortheir leaders. But in the e-HR system, all information iscollected in the database; employees can get their own detailinformation through their personal account in the system.For the specialists, they can acquire information from thedatabase, and their information will be sent to database, thedata of the HRM is two-way flow (from specialist todatabase and from database to specialist).In the traditional HRM, the process of HRM is followingthose steps: (a) recruitment &employment; (b) newemployee training, (c) performance appraisal, (d)compensation management, (f) employee relationship.Organization BoundaryAccess 3:HR Managerse-HR system (database)Access 2:SupervisorsAccess1EmployeesPotentialemployeesSpecialist E:EmploymentRelationshipSpecialist B:Training&DevelopmentSpecialist D:CompensationManagementSpecialist B:New employeeTrainingSpecialist A:Recruitment&EmploymentSpecialist C:PerformanceAppraisalTurnoverFig 2 E-HR Management modelSpecialist A:Recruitment&EmploymentSupervisorsEmployeesPotentialemployeesSpecialist B:New employeeTrainingSpecialist D:CompensationManagementSpecialist C:PerformanceAppraisalSpecialist B:Training&DevelopmentSpecialist E:EmploymentRelationshipManagers:Directing all thework of HRMTurnoverFig 1. Traditional Human resource management model370However, in the e-HR, all these processes can be embeddedin the e-HR system and can work at the same time.In the traditional HRM, the feedback of information isfrom the HR specialist to the employees or their leaders, theemployees accept their information negatively, but the e-HRsystem makes the employees seek feedback positively, theycan get the information from the employee access, thatmeans they can do self-management through the e-HRsystem. For supervisors, they collect information of theirsubordinates from HR specialists at the early time, but at theage of e-HR, supervisors can deal with the works online. Forexample, if a subordinate wants to change his work schedule,he first enters his employee account, then he submits hisrequest, this request will be sent to his immediate supervisorautomatically, the supervisor will audit the request and
decide whether he accept the request, and his decision will
be sent to a high-level supervisor. For human resource
managers, they can get the employee’s information from
their personal profile, it will be helpful for them to find who
is the excellent employee and who should be rewarded. For
example, when the managers need to decide who should be
selected to a new job, they can compare their performance
and decide who should be promoted.
All the data in traditional HRM is recorded by written
materials, but the data in e-HR system is recorded by
electronic disk. It is more convenient for managers and
employees to save, inquire and data mining.
IV. HOW E-HR OPTIMIZES THE HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
A. Analysis framework
Following Slack, Chambers, Johnston (2007)’s analysis
framework, e-HR optimizes traditional human resource
management from several aspects:
Quality: good process design always makes products and
service produced ‘on-specification’ and less recycling and
wasted effort.
Speed: good process usually shorts customer waiting
time, low in-process inventory and increase the response
time.
Dependability: good process design makes on-time
deliveries of products and services; it also has less disruption,
confusion and rescheduling within the process.
Flexibility: good process design promotes ability to
process a wide range of products and services, has low
cost/fast product and service change, also, it can increase
ability to cope with unexpected events (e.g. supply or a
processing failure).
Cost: good process usually has low processing costs, low
resource costs (capital costs), and low delay/inventory costs
(working capital costs).
B. How e-HR Optimizes Human Resource Management
E-HR optimizes traditional human resource management
from several aspects, this paper follows the framework (see
table 1) of the Slack, Chambers, Johnston (2007), and
discusses how e-HR improves the traditional human
resource management.
E-HR improves the quality of human resource
management. E-HR takes the human resource management
activities in specific standard. For example, with the e-HR
system, any specialist (A, B or C) will do the specific work
with the same standard, it helps them to decrease the
subjective bias, so the specialists can do the high-quality
work.
E-HR accelerates the work speed of the human resource
management. With the computer and internet, e-HR helps
specialists accelerate their work and decrease the waiting
time, for example, when specialist D calculates their
compensation, the e-HR can generate their salary
automatically. When specialist C complete his work, the
e-HR can select employees who have low-level performance
and send them to s
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