Constructivism is based on the premise that knowledge
cannot be transmitted but has to be constructed by the
individual. Therefore, learning is an active process of integrating
information with pre-existing knowledge.
Cognitively oriented constructivist theories such as discovery
learning [13] and microworlds [31] emphasize exploration
and discovery. Socially oriented constructivist theories,
such as social constructivism [41] and cognitive apprenticeships
[12] stress the collaborative eorts of groups
of learners as sources of learning.