This survey was conducted in May–June 2014 at a local
slaughterhouse in each capital district of LPB and XK provinces,
taking 2 weeks per location. The team included the
senior author, two final-year veterinary students (National
University of Laos) and two district livestock staff.
A total of 41 buffalo and 81 cattle (n=122) were sampled
from the available animals during the survey period. The sampling
frame for the numbers of large ruminants used in this
study was calculated to provide a confidence of 90–95 % and
a margin of error of 5–10 % from an estimated population of
large ruminants slaughtered in each location of 5000–7000
animals per annum, based on a published framework