Some studies suggest that certain macroeconomic conditions or host-country characteristics foster FDI interest. Tied to Dunning's (1981) ownership, location, and internationalization framework as well as Markusen's (1995) knowledge capital, and vertical and horizontal integration models that focused on firm-level decisions, macroeconomic conditions provide varying incentives for foreign investors. Positive macroeconomic conditions such as high domestic growth rates, rising per capita GDP, 5 and larger markets indicate a promising domestic market (Biglaiser and DeRouen 2007, 837).