The achievement of national goals in citizenship education through democratic and person-oriented teaching approaches is fully elaborated in the Philippines chapter. Commenting upon pedagogical approaches in the Philippines, Almonte-Acosta (2010) observed the parallel development of person-oriented approaches and nation-oriented approaches. The Restructured Basic Education Curriculum introduced in 2002 aimed at developing empowered learners who were competent in learning how to learn and emphasising innovative, interdisciplinary, and integrative modes of learning and teaching, as well as multiple intelligence and experiential learning. The national agenda in the revised curriculum, however, ‘demands strengthening of skills among teachers in systematizing the acquisition of the value of patriotism in the new subject known as Makabayan (patriotism)’