. Ethical values. Integrity; fairness.
. Democratic values. Impartiality; rule of law.
. Professional values. Effectiveness; service (Kernaghan, 2000).
Bureaucratic organization Post-bureaucratic Organization
Organization control Citizenship
Position power Leadership
Rule centred People centred
Independent action Collaboration
Status-quo orientated Change orientated
Process orientated Results orientated
Centralization Decentralized
Departmental form Non-departmental form
Budget driven Revenue driven
Monopolistic
(Public Administration)
Competitive
(Restructured Public Governance)
Source: Kernaghan (2000)
Table I.
Bureaucratic profiles