Marching paces were then continuously recorded bymeasuring and quantifying the output electrical signals through the e-kneecaps.The resistance of the CSF yarns decreasedrapidly when stretching occurred and var-ied synchronously with the leg bending and frequency of release. The response rateof e-kneecaps reached up to 100 ms, a distinct signal change of more than 10% withexcellent repeatability (Video S5).