According to the only published guidelines regarding RSDT, programs are intended to be non-punitive(1–2). Positive random drug tests should not result in suspensions from school or academic activities or any report to law enforcement. However, in a national survey of drug prevention coordinators in the U.S., many coordinators reported practices that contradict federal guidelines regarding non-punitive consequences for an initial positive random drug test, including informing law enforcement and student suspension from activities and/or school(54). Researchers noted that the respondents may have included in their responses consequences for suspicion-based tests, rather than random tests. Because the researchers did not follow-up with the schools surveyed to confirm the reported disciplinary actions against students experiencing first-time positives on random drug tests, we recommend that proposed and existing programs be evaluated to clarify that they are adhering to the guidelines that emphasize the importance of retention of students in school and do not enforce punitive measures on students who test positive on random tests.