The ABC Pathway is employed to secrete extracellular proteins such 35 hYdT01ytiC enzymes (proteases and lipases) and toxins in Gram- negative bacteria. The type I pathway is GSP independent, and pep-tides exported by this pathway do not have a signal peptide. The cytoplasmic membrane protein complex ABC pushes the peptide through a membrane fusion protein (MFP) and an outer membrane protein (OMP) with the hydrolysis of ATP providing energy needed for the translocation. MFP anchors within the cytoplasmic membrane and spans the periplasm (Figure 3.12).