The effect of margarine replacement by extra virgin olive oil on the texture profile parameters of Madeira cakes is shown in Table 3. Significant changes occurred in all texture attributes except adhesiveness and springiness. Cakes prepared with extra virgin olive oil or extra virgin olive oil/margarine mixture showed higher hardness and cohesiveness values (P < 0.05). According to Lillford and Judge (1989), cakes are characterised as solid foams formed by heating of a complex emulsion and foam system, the cake batter. The structure of cakes depends to some extent on the ability of fat to entrap air bubbles during cake batter whipping (Shepherd & Yoell, 1976), so this behaviourwas probably the result of the ability of margarine to entrap a greater quantity of air, as it has already been shown from batter density measurements (Table 2). According to Mizukoshi (1990), air cells primarily expand and then coalesce to form continuous channels. The formation of continuous air channels is found to be essential in maintaining the volume of the cake on cooling once removed from the oven. The unfortunate incident of cake shrinkage appears to be due to the absence of channelling
(Lillford & Judge, 1989).
The effect of margarine replacement by extra virgin olive oil on the texture profile parameters of Madeira cakes is shown in Table 3. Significant changes occurred in all texture attributes except adhesiveness and springiness. Cakes prepared with extra virgin olive oil or extra virgin olive oil/margarine mixture showed higher hardness and cohesiveness values (P < 0.05). According to Lillford and Judge (1989), cakes are characterised as solid foams formed by heating of a complex emulsion and foam system, the cake batter. The structure of cakes depends to some extent on the ability of fat to entrap air bubbles during cake batter whipping (Shepherd & Yoell, 1976), so this behaviourwas probably the result of the ability of margarine to entrap a greater quantity of air, as it has already been shown from batter density measurements (Table 2). According to Mizukoshi (1990), air cells primarily expand and then coalesce to form continuous channels. The formation of continuous air channels is found to be essential in maintaining the volume of the cake on cooling once removed from the oven. The unfortunate incident of cake shrinkage appears to be due to the absence of channelling(Lillford & Judge, 1989).
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