1. Introduction
Qualitative soilphaseanalysisisanon-trivialendeavorthatis
important toobservethemainsoilformingcompounds,complex
formation mechanismbetweendifferentelementsandtofind
toxic compoundsinthesoil.However,performingX-raydiffrac-
tion (XRD)withsoilsamplesisnotsosimplebecauseofmany
complexities likevariablechemicalandstructuralcompositions
of soilminerals,includinginterstratificationwithswellinginter-
layers andvariousdefectsthatmaycauselargedifferencesinthe
XRDreflectionintensitiesbetweendifferentspeciesofthesame
mineral. Furthermore,thethicknessofdiffractingdomains,particle
size, particle-sizedistribution,andthesampleweightorthickness
in theholder,samplepreparation,XRDinstrumentalignment,and
data collectionproceduresmayallcontributesignificantlytothe
problem(Aparı´cio andFerrellJr.,2001). Aboveall,thecomplexesof
minor elementsyieldbroadlow-intensityXRDpeaks,andthese
peaksoftenoverlapwithhigh-intensitypeaksfromsilica,thereby
making identificationandquantitativedeterminationdifficult.Some
of themineralslikecalciteanddolomitedonotcauseproblems
(EmigandSmith,1989) butquartzdoesinterfere. Pickard etal.
(1985) lists someoftheinterferencesofquartzwithotherminerals.
The XRDpeaksofmostofthemineralsincludingkaolinite,maghe-
mite, muscovite,sillimaniteetc.,whichareamongthemainsoil
formingcomponents,overlapwiththestrongestpeakandother
peaksofquartz.
In thepresentstudy,threeprobesi.e.energydispersiveX-ray
fluorescence (EDXRF),atomicabsorptionspectroscopy(AAS)
and X-raydiffraction(XRD)havebeenusedsimultaneouslyto
overcome theproblemsmentionedabove.TheEDXRFtechnique
1. IntroductionQualitative soilphaseanalysisisanon-trivialendeavorthatisimportant toobservethemainsoilformingcompounds,complexformation mechanismbetweendifferentelementsandtofindtoxic compoundsinthesoil.However,performingX-raydiffrac-tion (XRD)withsoilsamplesisnotsosimplebecauseofmanycomplexities likevariablechemicalandstructuralcompositionsof soilminerals,includinginterstratificationwithswellinginter-layers andvariousdefectsthatmaycauselargedifferencesintheXRDreflectionintensitiesbetweendifferentspeciesofthesamemineral. Furthermore,thethicknessofdiffractingdomains,particlesize, particle-sizedistribution,andthesampleweightorthicknessin theholder,samplepreparation,XRDinstrumentalignment,anddata collectionproceduresmayallcontributesignificantlytotheproblem(Aparı´cio andFerrellJr.,2001). Aboveall,thecomplexesofminor elementsyieldbroadlow-intensityXRDpeaks,andthesepeaksoftenoverlapwithhigh-intensitypeaksfromsilica,therebymaking identificationandquantitativedeterminationdifficult.Someof themineralslikecalciteanddolomitedonotcauseproblems(EmigandSmith,1989) butquartzdoesinterfere. Pickard etal.(1985) lists someoftheinterferencesofquartzwithotherminerals.The XRDpeaksofmostofthemineralsincludingkaolinite,maghe-mite, muscovite,sillimaniteetc.,whichareamongthemainsoilformingcomponents,overlapwiththestrongestpeakandotherpeaksofquartz.In thepresentstudy,threeprobesi.e.energydispersiveX-rayfluorescence (EDXRF),atomicabsorptionspectroscopy(AAS)and X-raydiffraction(XRD)havebeenusedsimultaneouslytoovercome theproblemsmentionedabove.TheEDXRFtechnique
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1.
บทนำคุณภาพsoilphaseanalysisisanon-trivialendeavorthatis
toobservethemainsoilformingcompounds
สำคัญที่ซับซ้อนก่อmechanismbetweendifferentelementsandtofind
พิษ compoundsinthesoil.However, performingX-raydiffrac-
การ (XRD) withsoilsamplesisnotsosimplebecauseofmany
ซับซ้อน likevariablechemicalandstructuralcompositions
ของ soilminerals, includinginterstratificationwithswellinginter-
ชั้น นอกจากนี้ thethicknessofdiffractingdomains อนุภาคขนาดอนุภาคsizedistribution, andthesampleweightorthickness ใน theholder, samplepreparation, XRDinstrumentalignment และข้อมูลcollectionproceduresmayallcontributesignificantlytothe ปัญหา (Aparı'cio andFerrellJr., 2001) Aboveall, thecomplexesof เล็กน้อย identificationandquantitativedeterminationdifficult.Some ของ themineralslikecalciteanddolomitedonotcauseproblems (EmigandSmith, 1989) butquartzdoesinterfere Pickard etal. (1985) แสดง someoftheinterferencesofquartzwithotherminerals. XRDpeaksofmostofthemineralsincludingkaolinite, maghe- ไร thepresentstudy, threeprobesi.e.energydispersiveX เรย์เรืองแสง(EDXRF) atomicabsorptionspectroscopy (AAS) และ X-raydiffraction (XRD) havebeenusedsimultaneouslyto เอาชนะ theproblemsmentionedabove.TheEDXRFtechnique
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1 . แนะนำ soilphaseanalysisisanon trivialendeavorthatis
คุณภาพสำคัญ toobservethemainsoilformingcompounds ซับซ้อนสร้างสารพิษ mechanismbetweendifferentelementsandtofind
compoundsinthesoil อย่างไรก็ตาม performingx raydiffrac -
tion ( XRD ) withsoilsamplesisnotsosimplebecauseofmany ความซับซ้อนของ soilminerals likevariablechemicalandstructuralcompositions
,includinginterstratificationwithswellinginter ชั้น andvariousdefectsthatmaycauselargedifferencesinthe
-
xrdreflectionintensitiesbetweendifferentspeciesofthesame แร่ นอกจากนี้ thethicknessofdiffractingdomains ขนาดอนุภาค การกระจายขนาดของอนุภาค andthesampleweightorthickness
, ,
ใน theholder samplepreparation xrdinstrumentalignment
, , , และปัญหา collectionproceduresmayallcontributesignificantlytothe
ข้อมูล ( ด้วı´ CIO andferrelljr . , 2001 ) aboveall thecomplexesof
elementsyieldbroadlow intensityxrdpeaks , เล็กน้อย , peaksoftenoverlapwithhigh andthese
intensitypeaksfromsilica จึงทำให้ identificationandquantitativedeterminationdifficult บางส่วนของ themineralslikecalciteanddolomitedonotcauseproblems ( emigandsmith
,1989 ) butquartzdoesinterfere . พิคาร์ดคณะ .
( 1985 ) รายการ someoftheinterferencesofquartzwithotherminerals .
-
xrdpeaksofmostofthemineralsincludingkaolinite maghe mite , Muscovite , sillimaniteetc . whichareamongthemainsoil
formingcomponents peaksofquartz overlapwiththestrongestpeakandother
, .
ใน thepresentstudy threeprobesi , . e.energydispersivex-ray
เรืองแสง ( EDXRF )atomicabsorptionspectroscopy ( AAS )
havebeenusedsimultaneouslyto กซ์เรดิฟแฟรค ชัน ( XRD ) และเอาชนะ theproblemsmentionedabove.theedxrftechnique
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