Tools Probing the creation of tools as a cultural act, Ars Electronica in various years gave Net prizes to Tim Berners-Lee for his invention of the World Wide Web and to Linus Torvalds for his development of Linux. Linux is considered extraordinary because of its status as a free and open source, its technical excellence, and its mobilization of the world community of altruistic developers to compete with dominant commercial values. SmartMoney’s Marketmap converts stock-market activity into a pulsing field of color that could dynamically be reconfigured to inspect concepts such as historical con- text and personal holdings. Inxight developed an innovative visualization of Web infor- mation called “hyberbolic trees,” which resemble mandalas and dynamically adjust the detail of the display with the user’s changing focus. In Name Space, Paul Garrin and Andreas Trager developed a comprehensive system for people to assign and manage their domain names on the Internet. Toshiya Naka and Yoshiyuki Mochizuki devel- oped the multiuser Wonderspace, a VRML world in which visitors could communicate via voice and in which sound and motion could be synchronized. Konsum Art.Server’s LinX3D Console presents a 3-D environment in which Net text is translated into textures and “data avatars.” Maciej Wisniewski’s Netomat is an alternative browser that “dia- logues with the net to retrieve information as unmediated and independent in form,’’