A feasibility study was carried out to assess the cultivation of Anammox bacteria in lab-scale closed
sponge-bed trickling filter (CSTF) reactors, namely: CSTF-1 at 20 C and CSTF-2 at 30 C. Stable conditions
were reached from day 66 in CSTF-2 and from day 104 in CSTF-1. The early stability of CSTF-2 is attributable
to the influence of temperature; nevertheless, by day 405, the nitrogen removal performed by CSTF-
1 increased up to similar values of CSTF-2. The maximum total nitrogen removal efficiency was 82% in
CSTF-1 and 84% in CSTF-2. After more than 400 days of operation, CSTF-1 and CSTF-2 were capable to
attain a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 74 ± 5% and 78 ± 4% with a total nitrogen conversion rate
of 1.52 and 1.60 kg-N/msponge
3 d, respectively. The proposed technology could be a suitable alternative
for mainstream nitrogen removal in post-treatment units via the Anammox conversion pathway.