Conversely, when tropical forests have been replaced by timber stands, earthworm densities have increased in some instances (Blanchart and Julka, 1997). In other situations, densities have reduced (González et al., 1996; Zou and González, 1997). Zou and Bashkin (1998) analysed how the structure of the earthworm community
changed when abandoned sugarcane land was reforested in Hawaii. They found that the earthworms remaining were predominantly endogeics. Clearly, outcomes are different and might depend on factors such as tree density and the availability of the native
species pool, which would be expected to be conserved within forest fragments as well as tree density.