Despite the lack of conclusive evidence ofcausal links between toxicological effects on individuals and the response ofpopulations, there is ample evidence ofreduced abundance in wild populations caused by pollutionrlated reductions in recruitment. Such effects were observed in, for example, brown trout , stoneloach, bullhead (Cottus cottus) and minnow , salmon
striped bass and American shad
and whole fish communities have suffered from the effects ofpollution