Renal assessment during pregnancy
The systematic review by Rosenn and Miodovnik (2003) included 11 studies involving a total of 201 people. The overall conclusion from most studies suggested that pregnancy is not associated with the development of nephropathy or accelerated progression of pre-existing nephropathy. The exception to this is in women with moderate to advanced disease, where pregnancy may accelerate to end-stage renal disease. Women with diabetic nephropathy have further increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, in particular fetal growth restriction, hypertension, pre-eclampsia and preterm birth (NICE, 2015).