The raw rice straw was obtained from the Baoshan district of
Shanghai. Prior to use, the sample was air-dried, ground in a
high-speed rotary cutting mill and then screened to give fractions
of Dp = 0.180–0.425 mm in particle size. It was dried at 105 C for
3 h in the oven and stored in a desiccator. Straw semi-char was
obtained in the tubular reactor.