The results indicated that citric acid induced cell
death and morphological changes through cell-cycle arrest and
induction of apoptotic characteristics, which were observed
using DAPI staining and flow cytometric assays. HaCaT cells
treated with citric acid exhibited chromatin condensation and
apoptotic bodies, suggesting typical morphological apoptotic
features. To confirm the apoptotic action of citric acid, cellcycle
analyses were performed. Citric acid also significantly
increased the sub-G1 peak of HaCaT cells in a time-dependent
manner, indicating the occurrence of apoptosis in HaCaT cells
The results indicated that citric acid induced cell
death and morphological changes through cell-cycle arrest and
induction of apoptotic characteristics, which were observed
using DAPI staining and flow cytometric assays. HaCaT cells
treated with citric acid exhibited chromatin condensation and
apoptotic bodies, suggesting typical morphological apoptotic
features. To confirm the apoptotic action of citric acid, cellcycle
analyses were performed. Citric acid also significantly
increased the sub-G1 peak of HaCaT cells in a time-dependent
manner, indicating the occurrence of apoptosis in HaCaT cells