Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disorder with a birth incidence approximating 1 in 2700.1 Although NF1 is characterized by a diverse range of cutaneous and neoplastic manifestations,2 the most common complication in childhood is cognitive impairment.3 While intelligence is typically within normal limits, specific cognitive deficits are demonstrated in up to 80% of children,with executive dysfunction,reduced attention,and poor visuospatial processing common areas of impairment.3 These manifest in a variety of ways, including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),4 psychosocial maladjustment,5 and academic failure caused by specific learning disabilities.