The study of personality traits in management has produced no enlightening results though innumerable examples of logical incoherence, notably circularity. Testers offer no explanation for behaviour beyond the circular proposition that behaviour is caused by traits that are inferred from behaviour. The empirical results are also bleak. After decades of personality testing, it can confidently be asserted that the search for consistent personality traits has been strikingly unsuccessful. This was psychologist Walter Mischel’s conclusion in 1968.