Destroys smooth flow of air over wing, leading to severe decrease in lift and increase in drag forces
Can change pitching moment
As angle of attack is increased to compensate for decreased lift, more accumulation can occur on lower wing surface
Causes damage to external equipment such as antennae and can clog inlets, and cause impact damage to fuselage and engines
Considered a cumulative hazard because as ice builds up on the wing, it increasingly changes the flight characteristics