The investigation of two-phase close thermosyphon and their
applications into thermal engineering are known for years, being
used in various applications, such as heat exchangers (air preheaters
or systems that use economizers for waste heat recovery),
cooling of electronic components, and solar heating systems. An
operating TPCT may be divided into three distinct sections, namely
the evaporator, adiabatic and condenser sections. Energy is added
into the evaporator section where the working fluid reaches its
boiling temperature and begins to boil. The buoyant vapor of working
fluid rises through the adiabatic section to the condenser,
where it condenses. The condensate then drains back into the
evaporator section by gravitation. This process of evaporation
and condensation of the working fluid repeats itself continuously,
as long as heat is supplied to the evaporator and an opportunity
for its removal from the condenser exists. Main factors which
affecting on thermal performance of a TPCT are: inclination angle,
operating temperature and pressure, filling ratio, aspect ratio and
working fluid. Many researchers have studied these factors [1–6].
Numerous theoretical and experimental studies of suspensions
containing solid particles have been conducted initiating Maxwell’s
theoretical work [7] published more than a century ago.
However, due to high density and large sized particles used, it
was a challenge to prevent particles from settling in the suspension.
The lack of stability of such suspensions induced additional
flow resistance and possible erosion. Consequently fluids with