Improvements in joint range of movement, and ultimately function, may occur. Local modalities such as ultrasound (deep heat) provide temporary pain relief.
•Occupational therapy to assess for splints, foot orthotics, braces and assistive devices (e.g., canes, long-handled shoe horns, etc.) will help to improve function.
•Patient self-management programs employing education on symptom control, diet, stretching and exercise empower patients with greater confidence to control their disease.
•“Mind/body” interventions such as yoga and tai chi may prove helpful for some individuals.