the most widely used methods of treating infectious waste, the introduction
of more stringent air-quality standards for incinerators, and the inherent limitations to the application of autoclaves, have created a demand for other methods of processing
this segment of the solid and liquid waste streams. These alternative technologies use one or more of the following methods: (1) heating the waste to a minimum of 90–95°C;
(2) exposing the waste to suitable chemicals; (3) subjecting the waste to heated chemicals; (4) irradiating the infectious waste with ionizing sources. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these alternative forms of treatment